Cat Hairballs 101: What Pet Parents Need to Know

If you’re a cat parent, you’ve likely heard that unmistakable hacking sound followed by the discovery of a wet, tubular mass on the floor. Hairballs are a common occurrence in cats, but that doesn’t make them any less unpleasant—or concerning. While an occasional hairball may be expected, frequent or excessive hairball production could indicate an underlying issue. In this blog, we’ll discuss everything you need to know about cat hairballs, when they become a problem, and when it’s time to seek veterinary care. If you ever have concerns about your cat’s health, call University Veterinary Hospital in Shreveport, LA, at (318) 797-5522 or book an appointment online today.

What Causes a Cat Hairball?

Hairballs, also known as trichobezoars, form when a cat grooms itself and swallows loose fur. A cat’s tongue is covered in tiny, hook-like structures that help remove dirt and debris while grooming. However, these structures also make it easy for fur to get caught and swallowed.

In most cases, the ingested hair passes harmlessly through the digestive system and is eliminated in the feces. However, some hair may accumulate in the stomach over time, forming a hairball. When this happens, the cat instinctively regurgitates the hairball to prevent an obstruction.

Factors That Increase Hairball Formation

Some cats experience more frequent hairballs than others. Factors that contribute to excessive hairball formation include:

• Long-haired coats – Breeds like Persians and Maine Coons naturally swallow more fur due to their thick coats.
• Excessive grooming – Cats that groom themselves obsessively, whether from stress, skin irritation, or boredom, ingest more hair.
• Seasonal shedding – Increased shedding during seasonal changes leads to more fur ingestion and a higher chance of hairballs.
• Digestive health issues – A sluggish digestive system may struggle to move hair through the intestines efficiently, leading to accumulation.

If you notice a sudden increase in hairball production, schedule a checkup with your veterinarian to rule out any underlying health issues.

Are Cat Hairballs Normal or a Cause for Concern?

Occasional hairballs are generally not a cause for alarm, but frequent or excessive hairballs can indicate a deeper issue. It’s important to distinguish between a harmless hairball and a potential medical emergency.

Signs Your Cat’s Hairballs May Be Problematic

Monitor your cat for the following signs, which may indicate an issue with their digestive system:

• Frequent hacking or retching without producing a hairball
• Lethargy, loss of appetite, or unusual behavior
• Constipation or straining in the litter box
• Vomiting that contains food or bile in addition to hair
• Signs of respiratory distress, such as wheezing or difficulty breathing

If your cat shows any of these symptoms, seek veterinary care immediately. Hairballs that cannot be expelled may cause a dangerous intestinal blockage, requiring medical intervention.

Ways to Help Your Cat Manage Hairballs

Fortunately, there are ways to reduce the frequency of hairballs and help your cat maintain a healthy digestive system. Simple changes to grooming, diet, and hydration can make a significant difference.

Regular Grooming to Reduce Excess Fur

One of the most effective ways to minimize hairballs is to remove loose fur before your cat swallows it. Regular brushing reduces the amount of hair your cat ingests and helps prevent hairball formation. Short-haired cats benefit from weekly brushing with a soft-bristle brush or grooming glove. Long-haired breeds should be brushed daily to prevent tangles and excessive shedding. Professional grooming services may be beneficial for cats that dislike being brushed at home. If your cat sheds excessively despite regular grooming, speak with your veterinarian about potential dietary or health concerns.

Providing a Diet That Supports Digestive Health

Certain cat foods are formulated to help reduce hairball formation by promoting healthy digestion and coat condition. Look for:

• High-fiber diets that help move hair through the digestive tract more efficiently.
• Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to support healthy skin and reduce excessive shedding.
• Hairball control formulas designed specifically to aid in the breakdown of swallowed hair.

Consult your veterinarian before making changes to your cat’s diet to ensure their nutritional needs are met.

Encouraging Hydration to Aid Digestion

Proper hydration is crucial for digestion and helps hair pass through the gastrointestinal tract smoothly. Cats are known for their low thirst drive, so increasing their water intake can be beneficial. Try the following strategies to encourage drinking:

• Provide fresh, clean water in multiple locations around your home.
• Invest in a cat water fountain to entice them with running water.
• Incorporate wet food into their diet for added moisture.

If your cat is not drinking enough, consult your veterinarian for advice on increasing their hydration levels.

When Is Veterinary Care Necessary for Hairball Issues? 

Although hairballs are common, they should not interfere with your cat’s overall well-being. If your cat is experiencing frequent hairballs or showing signs of distress, a veterinary visit is recommended. During the exam, your veterinarian may:

• Assess your cat’s grooming habits and overall health.
• Recommend dietary changes or supplements to aid digestion.
• Conduct imaging tests to check for blockages if a hairball is suspected to be stuck.

If a blockage is present, treatment may include medication, fluid therapy, or, in severe cases, surgical intervention. Prompt veterinary care can prevent complications and ensure your cat’s health and comfort.

Helping Your Cat Live a Hairball-Free Life

While hairballs are a natural part of feline grooming behavior, they shouldn’t be a frequent occurrence. Implementing a proper grooming routine, providing a well-balanced diet, and ensuring adequate hydration can help your cat minimize hairball formation and maintain optimal digestive health. If your cat is struggling with frequent hairballs or showing signs of distress, call University Veterinary Hospital at (318) 797-5522 or book an appointment online today. Your veterinarian can provide expert guidance and tailored recommendations to keep your feline companion happy and healthy.